To connect to the database server, use one of the following:
<?php
$connection = new Mongo(); // connects to localhost:27017
$connection = new Mongo( "example.com" ); // connect to a remote host (default port)
$connection = new Mongo( "example.com:65432" ); // connect to a remote host at a given port
?>
To select a database, use:
<?php
$db = $connection->dbname;
?>
<?php
$db = $connection->mybiglongdbname;
// do some stuff
$db = $connection->mybiglongdbnme;
// now connected to a different database!
?>
Getting a collection has the same syntax as getting a database:
<?php
$db = $connection->baz;
$collection = $db->foobar;
// or, more succinctly
$collection = $connection->baz->foobar;
?>
Associative arrays are the basic object that can be saved to a collection in the database. A somewhat random "document" might be:
<?php
$doc = array( "name" => "MongoDB",
"type" => "database",
"count" => 1,
"info" => (object)array( "x" => 203,
"y" => 102),
"versions" => array("0.9.7", "0.9.8", "0.9.9")
);
?>
To insert this document, use MongoCollection::insert():
<?php
$m = new Mongo();
$collection = $m->foo->bar;
$collection->insert( $doc );
?>
To show that the document we inserted in the previous step is there, we can do a simple findOne() operation to get the first document in the collection. This method returns a single document (rather than the MongoCursor that MongoCollection::find() returns), and it's useful for things where there only is one document matching the query or you are only interested in one result.
<?php
$obj = $collection->findOne();
var_dump( $obj );
?>
array(5) { ["_id"]=> object(MongoId)#6 (0) { } ["name"] string(7) "MongoDB" ["type"]=> string(8) "database" ["count"]=> int(1) ["info"]=> array (2) { ["x"]=> int(203) ["y"]=> int(102) } ["versions"] array(3) { [0]=> string(5) "0.9.7" [1]=> string(5) "0.9.8" [2]=> string(5) "0.9.9" } }
Note the _id field has been added automatically to your document. MongoDB reserves element names that start with _ and $ for internal use.
In order to do more interesting things with queries, let's add multiple simple documents to the collection. These documents will just be
<?php
array( "i" => value );
?>
<?php
for($i=0; $i<100; $i++) {
$collection->insert( array( "i" => $i ) );
}
?>
Notice that we can insert arrays with different key sets into the same collection. This aspect is what we mean when we say that MongoDB is "schema-free".
Now that we've inserted 101 documents (the 100 we did in the loop, plus the first one), we can check to see if we have them all using the count() method.
<?php
echo $collection->count();
?>
MongoCollection::count() can take query and field arguments, as well. You can also do a count on a MongoCursor (see below), which will take into account any filters you have placed on your query.
In order to get all the documents in the collection, we will use MongoCollection::find(). The find() method returns a MongoCursor object which allows us to iterate over the set of documents that matched our query. So to query all of the documents and print them out:
<?php
$cursor = $collection->find();
foreach ($cursor as $id => $value) {
echo "$id: ";
var_dump( $value );
}
?>
We can create a query to pass to the find() method to get a subset of the documents in our collection. For example, if we wanted to find the document for which the value of the "i" field is 71, we would do the following:
<?php
$query = array( "i" => 71 );
$cursor = $collection->find( $query );
while( $cursor->hasNext() ) {
var_dump( $cursor->getNext() );
}
?>
array(2) { ["_id"]=> object(MongoId)#6 (0) { } ["i"]=> int(71) ["_ns"]=> "testCollection" }
We can use the query to get a set of documents from our collection. For example, if we wanted to get all documents where "i" > 50, we could write:
<?php
$query = array( "i" => array( '$gt' => 50 ) ); //note the single quotes around '$gt'
$cursor = $coll->find( $query );
while( $cursor->hasNext() ) {
var_dump( $cursor->getNext() );
}
?>
<?php
$query = array( "i" => array( "\$gt" => 20, "\$lte" => 30 ) );
$cursor = $coll->find( $query );
while( $cursor->hasNext() ) {
var_dump( $cursor->getNext() );
}
?>
mongo.cmd = ":"
<?php
$query = array( "i" => array( ":gt" => 20, ":lte" => 30 ) );
?>
MongoDB supports indexes, and they are very easy to add on a collection. To create an index, you just specify the field that should be indexed, and specify if you want the index to be ascending (1) or descending (-1). The following creates an ascending index on the "i" field :
<?php
$coll->ensureIndex( array( "i" => 1 ) ); // create index on "i"
$coll->ensureIndex( array( "i" => -1, "j" => 1 ) ); // index on "i" descending, "j" ascending
?>
This example connects, inserts objects, queries for objects, iterates through query results, and disconnects from MongoDB.
<?php
// connect
$m = new Mongo();
// select a database
$db = $m->comedy;
$collection = $db->cartoons;
// add an element
$obj = array( "title" => "Calvin and Hobbes", "author" => "Bill Watterson" );
$collection->insert($obj);
// add another element, with a different "shape"
$obj = array( "title" => "XKCD", "online" => true );
$collection->insert($obj);
// find everything in the collection
$cursor = $collection->find();
// iterate through the results
foreach ($cursor as $obj) {
echo $obj["title"] . "\n";
}
// disconnect
$m->close();
?>
This would output:
Calvin and Hobbes XKCD