Concepts
A concept is a term that describes a named set of requirements for a type. Concepts are a more convenient way to specify both what properties are expected from a type, and what properties a type has.
There was a proposal to include a formal specification of concepts into C++11 so that the compiler could check the type requirements before template instantiation and in turn could produce much more sensible error messages in case a type did not fulfill the template requirements. This proposal was later dropped for various reasons. However, there are unofficial plans to add concepts to a future revision of the C++ language.
Here concepts have little in common with the abovementioned proposal. They refer to informal named requirements, used in C++03 and C++11 to define behavior and expected properties for various types.
Basic | ||
| specifies that type has default constructor (concept) | ||
| (C++11) |
specifies that type has move constructor (concept) | |
| specifies that type has copy constructor (concept) | ||
| (C++11) |
specifies that type can move assignment operator (concept) | |
| specifies that type has copy assignment operator (concept) | ||
| type has a destructor that clears all memory (concept) | ||
Layout | ||
| Note, that the standard doesn't define named requirements or concepts with names specified in this subcategory. These are type categories defined by the core language. They are included here as concepts only for consistency. | ||
| (C++11) |
class with trivial copy, assignment and destructor (concept) | |
| (C++11) |
class with trivial constructors, assignment and destructor (concept) | |
| (C++11) |
non-virtual class containing only other StandardLayout members, all with the same access control (concept) | |
| POD (Plain Old Data) structure, compatible with C struct (concept) | ||
Library-wide | ||
| has a working operator== that is an equivalence relation (concept) | ||
| operator< is a strict weak ordering relation (concept) | ||
| (C++11) |
can be used as argument of std::swap (concept) | |
| (C++11) |
pointer-like type that when dereferenced can be passed to std::swap (concept) | |
| (C++11) |
pointer-like type supporting a null value (concept) | |
| (C++11) |
(concept) | |
| class type that contains allocation information (concept) | ||
| a function object that can be called with specific arguments and has return value convertible to specific type (concept) | ||
| a Callable that returns a value convertible to bool for one argument without modifying it (concept) | ||
| a Callable that returns a value convertible to bool for two arguments without modifying them (concept) | ||
Container | |
| data structure that allows element access using iterators (concept) | |
| container using bidirectional iterators (concept) | |
| (C++11) |
container using an allocator (concept) |
| container with elements stored linearly (concept) | |
| container that stores elements by associating them to keys (concept) | |
| container that stores elements stored in buckets by associating them to keys (concept) | |
Container element | |
| (C++11) |
element can be copy-constructed in uninitialized storage (concept) |
| (C++11) |
element can be move-constructed in uninitialized storage (concept) |
| (C++11) |
element can be constructed in uninitialized storage (concept) |
Iterator | |
| general concept to access data within some data structure (concept) | |
| iterator that can be used to read data (concept) | |
| iterator that can be used to write data (concept) | |
| iterator that can be used to read data multiple times (concept) | |
| iterator that can be both incremented and decremented (concept) | |
| iterator that can be advanced in constant time (concept) | |
Random Number Generation | |
| (C++11) |
(concept) |
| (C++11) |
(concept) |
| (C++11) |
(concept) |
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(concept) |
| (C++11) |
(concept) |
Concurrency | |
| (C++11) |
(concept) |
| (C++11) |
(concept) |
| (C++11) |
(concept) |
| (C++11) |
(concept) |
| (C++11) |
(concept) |
Other | |
| (C++11) |
(concept) |
| (C++11) |
(concept) |
| (C++11) |
(concept) |
| (C++11) |
(concept) |
| (C++11) |
(concept) |
| (concept) | |
| (concept) | |
| (concept) | |
| This section is incomplete Reason: Any other missing concept? |
